Why is my FICO credit score falling?

By Janna Herron • Bankrate.com

Dear Credit Card Adviser,
For the past five years, my FICO credit score has been above 825. This month, I checked my credit score again, as I do annually, and it dropped to the 755 range. Nothing has changed, except that I applied for and received six new credit cards in less than three months. They all are cash-back rewards cards. What happened?
-- Pat

Dear Pat,
Your FICO credit score fell because you opened those six credit cards in a short time. Every time you open an account, you're allowing creditors to pull your credit report, and you're lowering the average age of your credit accounts.

Both of those actions will sink your score.

Here's how it works: When you apply for a new credit card, a lender will pull your credit report and score. This is called a "hard" credit inquiry, and it'll hurt your score. (It doesn't hurt your score, by the way, when you pull your own credit report. It also doesn't hurt when an employer pulls your credit report or when a lender pulls your credit report for marketing purposes. Those are called "soft" inquiries.)
If you have several hard credit inquiries in a short amount of time, the damage to your credit score increases dramatically, says Anthony Sprauve, spokesman for myFICO.com, the consumer education division of FICO.

"Our data shows that someone opening multiple credit accounts in a short period of time is at a higher risk for default," he says.

It's unclear how much a hard inquiry -- or several of them -- will hurt your credit score. It depends on the cardholder, Sprauve says. Typically, the higher your credit score, the harder it gets hit by any credit transgression, he says. Consumers with low credit scores will find that a hard inquiry doesn't hurt their already low credit score by the same amount.

The damage from these hard inquiries will lessen over time as long as you manage the new credit responsibly. That means paying your bills on time and keeping the balances below 20 percent of the total available credit, Sprauve says.

New credit accounts also hurt your FICO credit score by lowering the average length of your overall credit history. The average age of all your accounts, the age of individual accounts and the length of time since you used certain accounts all contribute 15 percent to your FICO credit score. As the accounts age, and if you manage them responsibly, those new accounts will eventually boost your credit score.

So be careful with those credit card offers. While it's attractive to sign up for rewards credit cards, especially since many of them offer cash bonuses for new cardholders, do so with prudence and only when you need new credit.

"In addition to paying bills on time and keeping revolving credit balances low," Sprauve says, "the third most important thing a person can do to improve their credit is only open new accounts when necessary."

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Posted: Jan. 30, 2013

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5 TIPS: Improving Your Credit Score

http://federalreserve.gov/consumerinfo/fivetips_creditscore.htm#

 

Get copies of your credit report--then make sure information is correct.

Go to www.annualcreditreport.com . This is the only authorized online source for a free credit report. Under federal law, you can get a free report from each of the three national credit reporting companies every twelve months.

You can also call 877-322-8228 or complete the Annual Credit Report Request Form and mail it to Annual Credit Report Request Service, P.O. Box 105281, Atlanta, GA 30348-5281.

Pay your bills on time.

One of the most important things you can do to improve your credit score is pay your bills by the due date. You can set up automatic payments from your bank account to help you pay on time, but be sure you have enough money in your account to avoid overdraft fees.

Understand how your credit score is determined.

Your credit score is usually based on the answers to these questions:

• Do you pay your bills on time? The answer to this question is very important. If you have paid bills late, have had an account referred to a collection agency, or have ever declared bankruptcy, this history will show up in your credit report.
• What is your outstanding debt? Many scoring models compare the amount of debt you have and your credit limits. If the amount you owe is close to your credit limit, it is likely to have a negative effect on your score.
• How long is your credit history? A short credit history may have a negative effect on your score, but a short history can be offset by other factors, such as timely payments and low balances.
• Have you applied for new credit recently? If you have applied for too many new accounts recently, that may negatively affect your score. However, if you request a copy of your own credit report, or if creditors are monitoring your account or looking at credit reports to make prescreened credit offers, these inquiries about your credit history are not counted as applications for credit.
• How many and what types of credit accounts do you have? Many credit-scoring models consider the number and type of credit accounts you have. A mix of installment loans and credit cards may improve your score. However, too many finance company accounts or credit cards might hurt your score.

To learn more about credit scoring, see the Federal Trade Commission's website, Facts for Consumers.

Learn the legal steps to take to improve your credit report.

The Federal Trade Commission's “Building a Better Credit Report” has information on correcting errors in your report, tips on dealing with debt and avoiding scams--and more.

Beware of credit-repair scams.

Sometimes doing it yourself is the best way to repair your credit. The Federal Trade Commission's "Credit Repair: How to Help Yourself" explains how you can improve your creditworthiness and lists legitimate resources for low-cost or no-cost help.